MOTS-C is derived from the 12S rRNA part of the mitochondria and plays a role in regulating metabolism and is involved in various physiological processes, including exercise-induced adaptation and protection against age-related diseases.

Studies suggest that MOTS-c may have beneficial effects on age-related diseases, including diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, and cognitive decline. Currently undergoing research and clinical studies as a potential therapeutic agent for various conditions related to aging, metabolic dysfunction, and longevity.